The Practical Logic of Chinas Fintech Planning and Governance and Global Mirror: A comparative study based on China, Europe and the United States

Abstract

In the era of digital economy, fintech, as a deep integration of finance and technology, is reshaping traditional financial landscapes and playing a pivotal role in fostering financial innovation and economic growth. However, existing studies lack a comprehensive analysis of its ecological synergy and differential impacts across institutions and regions. Through literature review and case analysis, this study examines the driving forces, economic effects, and influencing factors of fintech development. The findings reveal that while fintech—propelled by technological advances, policy guidance, and market demand—enhances financial efficiency and promotes economic growth, it also introduces challenges such as data security risks and regulatory adaptation. The study further identifies distinct governance models in China, the U.S., and the EU, highlighting China’s planning-led approach with its phased evolution and central-local coordination. Future efforts should focus on strengthening technological integration, improving regulatory frameworks, and fostering cross-border cooperation to support the high-quality development of fintech in a global context.